Direct indirect speech упражнения. Сборник грамматических упражнений по английскому языку "прямая и косвенная речь"

1. Превратите следующие предложения в косвенную речь, сделав все необходимые изменения.

Н-р: Jack said: “ I am working hard.” (Джэк сказал: «Я много работаю.») – Jack said (that) he was working hard. (Джэк сказал, что много работает.)

I told her: “You can join us.” (Я сказал ей: «Ты можешь присоединиться к нам.») – I told her (that) she could join us.” (Я сказал ей, что она может присоединиться к нам.)

Fred said: “I have invented a new computer program”. (Фрэд сказал: «Я изобрел новую компьютерную программу.»)
Mary said: “I will help my sister.” (Мэри сказала: «Я помогу своей сестре.»)
They told me: “We were really happy.” (Они сказали мне: «Мы были очень счастливы.»)
She said: “I live in a big apartment.” (Она сказала: «Я живу в большой квартире.»)
He told her: “I am going to the fish market.” (Он сказал ей: «Я собираюсь на рыбный рынок.»)
Betty said: “I found my passport.” (Бетти сказала: «Я нашла свой паспорт.»)
Mr. Ford said: “I don’t like pork.” (М-р Форд сказал: «Я не люблю свинину.»)
Little Tim told his mother: “I am sleepy.” (Маленький Тим сказал маме: «Я хочу спать.»)

2. Преобразуйте следующие просьбы и советы в косвенную речь.

Н-р: The doctor said: “Please take a deep breath, Ann.”(Доктор сказал: «Пожалуйста, сделай глубокий вздох, Аня.») – The doctor asked Ann to take a deep breath. (Доктор попросил Аню сделать глубокий вздох.)

Sara: “Don’t forget to buy some juice.” (Сара: «Не забудь купить немного сока.») – Sara reminded not to forget to buy some juice. (Сара напомнила не забыть купить немного сока.)

She said: “You should stop smoking so much, Mark.” (Она сказала: «Тебе следует прекратить так много курить, Марк.» - She advised Mark to stop smoking so much. (Она посоветовала Марку прекратить так много курить.)

The policeman said: “Keep the silence, please.” (Полицейский сказал: «Соблюдайте тишину, пожалуйста.») – The policeman asked ……
Mother said: “Kids, you should wash your hands before lunch.” (Мама сказала: «Дети, нужно помыть руки перед обедом.») – Mother advised ……
The dentist told me: “Don’t eat nuts anymore.” (Дантист сказал мне: «Больше не ешь орехи.») – The dentist warned ……
Tom: “Could you lend me 20 dollars, please?” (Том: «Ты не мог бы одолжить мне 20 долларов?») – Tom asked ……
Mr. Walters told his sons: “You must stay away from the lake.” (М-р Уолтерс сказал сыновьям: «Вы должны держаться подальше от озера.») – Mr. Walters warned ……
John said: “You should see a lawyer, Ted.” (Джон сказал: «Тебе следует посетить адвоката.») – John advised ……
The teacher told the students: “Don’t talk during the test.” (Учитель сказал студентам: «Не разговаривайте во время контрольной.») – The teacher warned ……
The judge said: “Mr. Brown, you must pay a big fine.” (Судья сказал: «М-р Браун, вы обязаны заплатить большой штраф.») – The judge ordered ……

3. Измените вопросы на косвенную речь.

Н-р: “Where does your niece live ?”(«Где живет твоя племянница?») – He wanted to know where the niece lived . (Он хотел знать, где живет племянница.)

“Can you type?” («Ты умеешь печатать?») – The manager asked if I could type. (Менеджер спросил, могу ли я печатать.)

“Where has Jim gone?” («Куда ушел Джим?») – Maria wanted to know ……
“What did the workers eat?” («Что ели рабочие?») – They asked ……
«Have you ever been to China, Sam?” («Ты когда-нибудь был в Китае, Сэм?») – I asked ……
“Are you French or Italian?” («Вы француз или итальянец?») – She wanted to know ……
“When will the next train arrive?” («Когда прибудет следующий поезд?») – I asked ……
“Do you grow flowers in your garden, Mrs. Smith?” («Вы выращиваете цветы в своем саду, миссис Смит?») – She wondered ……

4. Теперь, наоборот, измените косвенную речь на прямую.

Н-р: Peter asked me if I was free. (Питер спросил меня, свободен ли я.) – Peter asked: “Are you free?”

She wanted to know where I had bought the dictionary. (Она хотела узнать, где я купила словарь.) – She asked: “Where did you buy the dictionary?”

I asked him why he was tired. (Я спросил его, почему он устал.)
We wanted to know if Kate had broken the car. (Мы хотели узнать, сломала ли Кейт машину.)
He asked if they could meet on Tuesday. (Он спросил, могут ли они встретиться во вторник.)
I wondered how often she used the washing-machine. (Я поинтересовалась, как часто она пользуется стиральной машиной.)
Mother wanted to know if we would invite Kevin to the party. (Мама хотела знать, пригласим ли мы Кевина на вечеринку.)

Ответы:

1.

Fred said (that) he had invented a new computer program.
Mary said (that) she would help her sister.
They told me (that) they had been really happy.
She said (that) she lived in a big apartment.
He told her (that) he was going to the fish market.
Betty said (that) she had found her passport.
Mr. Ford said (that) he didn’t like pork.
Little Tim told his mother (that) he was sleepy.

The policeman asked to keep the silence.
Mother advised the kids to wash their hands before lunch.
The dentist warned me not to eat nuts anymore.
Tom asked to lend him 20 dollars.
Mr. Walters warned his sons to stay away from the lake.
John advised Ted to see a lawyer.
The teacher warned the students not to talk during the test.
The judge ordered Mr. Brown to pay a big fine.

Очень часто в речи нам нужно передать чьи-либо слова (кто-то что-то сказал), и зачастую мы это делаем своими собственными словами, избегая прямой речи. Как мы это делаем? Очень просто, мы превращаем её в придаточное предложение.

John said, «I want to get a new job». – Джон сказал: «Я хочу получить новую работу».
John said (that) he wanted to get a new job. – Джон сказал, что он хочет получить новую работу.

О том, как это сделать корректно мы и будем говорить далее.

В английском языке есть ряд особенностей, которые следует учитывать при изменении прямой речи в косвенную.

Для того чтобы перевести прямую речь в косвенную, нужно опустить запятую после слов, вводящих прямую речь, и кавычки. Часто косвенная речь в английском языке вводится союзом that , который, впрочем, может быть опущен (именно поэтому мы поставили слово that в скобки в примере выше).

Вы должны были обратить внимание, что у нас изменилась временная категория (I want на I wanted ), подобное явление в английском языке называется согласование времён (это зависимость времени глагола в придаточном предложении от времени глагола в главном).

В таблице ниже Вы сможете увидеть все случаи подобных трансформаций.

Если сказуемое главного предложения стоит в настоящем или будущем времени, то сказуемое придаточного будет стоять в том самом времени, которое было в прямой речи.

Немного сложнее ситуация, если сказуемое главного предложения стоит в прошедшем времени, здесь как раз и вступает в силу те самые правила согласования времён.

Прямая речь (Direct Speech)	Косвенная речь (Indirect Speech)
Present Simple	Past Simple
He said, «I go to bed» – Он говорит: «Я иду спать».	He said (that) he went to bed. – Он сказал, что идёт спать.
Present Continuous	Past Continuous
Mark said, «I am doing my homework». – Марк говорит: «Я делаю мою домашнюю работу».	Mark said (that) he was doing his homework. – Марк сказал, что делает свою домашнюю работу.
Past Simple	Past Perfect
She said, «I made a cake». – Она сказала: «Я приготовила торт».	She said (that) she had made a cake. – Она сказала, что приготовила торт.
Present Perfect	Past Perfect
Alex said, «I have been to London». – Алекс сказал: «Я был в Лондоне».	Alex said (that) he had been to London. – Алекс сказал, что он был в Лондоне.
Past Continuous	Past Perfect Continuous
They said, «We were playing football». – Они сказали: «Мы играли в футбол».	They said (that) they had been playing football. – Они сказали, что играли в футбол.
Present Perfect Continuous	Past Perfect Continuous
She said, «I have been watching this film for 2 hours». – Она сказала: «Я смотрела этот фильм на протяжении двух часов».	She said (that) she had been watching that film for 2 hours. – Она сказала, что смотрела тот фильм на протяжении двух часов.
Future Simple	Future Simple in the Past
He said, «I will buy a car». – Он сказал: «Я куплю машину».	He said (that) he would buy a car. – Он сказал, что купит машину.
Past Perfect	НЕ ИЗМЕНЯЕТСЯ
James said, «I had built my house». – Джеймс сказал: «Я построил дом».	James said (that) he had built his house. – Джеймс сказал, что построил дом.
Past Perfect Continuous	НЕ ИЗМЕНЯЕТСЯ
She said, «I had been reading for 3 hours». – Она сказала: «Я читала на протяжении трёх часов».	She said (that) she had been reading for 3 hours. – Она сказала, что читала на протяжении трёх часов.

Важно также помнить, что кроме самих глаголов при согласовании времен нам нужно учитывать и изменение наречий и местоимений .

Личные и притяжательные местоимения

Olga said, «I will give you back your book». – Ольга сказала: «Я отдам тебе твою книгу».
Olga said (that) she would give me back my book. – Ольга сказала, что она отдаст мне мою книгу.

Вы не можете сказать:

you back your book. – Ольга сказала мне, что она отдаст тебе твою книгу.

а, как и в русском, Вы скажете:

Olga said that she would give me back my book. – Ольга отдаст мне мою книгу.

Указательные местоимения и наречия времени и места

Прямая речь	Косвенная речь
this (этот)	that (тот, этот)
these (эти)	those (те, эти)
now (теперь)	then (тогда)
here (здесь)	there (там)
today (сегодня)	that day (в тот день)
tomorrow (завтра)	the next day (на следующий день)
the day after tomorrow (послезавтра)	two days later (через два дня)
yesterday (вчера)	the day before (накануне)
the day before yesterday (позавчера)	two days before (двумя днями раньше)
ago (тому назад)	before (раньше)
next year (в будущем году)	the next year, the following year (в следующем году)
last night (вчера вечером, ночью)	the previous night (предыдущим вечером, ночью)

То есть при переводе в косвенную речь нашей фразы:

Richard said, «I went to my parents yesterday ». – Ричард сказал: «Вчера я ездил к моим родителям».

Мы получим:

Richard said (that) he had gone to his parents the day before . – Ричард сказал, что вчера ездил к своим родителям.

Ещё пример:

She said, «I saw this film last night ». – Она сказала: «Я видела этот фильм прошлой ночью».
She said (that) she had seen that film the previous night . – Она сказала, что видела тот фильм предыдущей ночью.

Модальные глаголы

Вам также пригодится информация о том, как ведут себя модальные глаголы при переходе из прямой в косвенную речь.

Mike said, «I can cook this dish». – Майк сказал: «Я могу приготовить это блюдо».
Mike said (that) he could cook that dish. – Майк сказал, что он может приготовить то блюдо.

She said, «I could go to school». – Она сказала: «Я могла пойти в школу».
She said (that) she could go to school. – Она сказала, что могла пойти в школу.

Условные предложения

Иногда нам также нужно переделать условные предложения в косвенную речь.

I тип условного предложения меняется по правилам согласования времён.

If the weather is fine, I will go outside. – Если погода будет хорошая, я пойду на улицу.
He said if the weather was fine, he would go outside. – Он сказал, что если погода будет хорошей, то он пойдёт на улицу.

Условные предложения II и III типа не меняют свою форму.

II тип:

If the weather were fine, I would go outside. – Если бы погода была хорошая, я бы пошёл на улицу.
I said if the weather were fine, I would go outside. – Я сказал, что если бы погода была хорошая, то я бы пошла на улицу.

III тип:

If the weather had been fine yesterday, I would have gone outside. – Если бы погода была хорошая вчера, то я бы вышел на улицу.
I said if the weather had been fine, I would have gone outside. – Я сказал, что если бы погода была хорошая вчера, то я бы вышел на улицу.

Вопрос в прямой речи

Теперь такой момент, допустим у Вас есть вопрос в прямой речи , который нужно перенести в косвенную речь.

В отличие от вопроса в прямой речи, где в большинстве случаев существует обратный порядок слов (кроме вопросов к подлежащему) – перед подлежащим стоит сказуемое или его часть,

вопросы в косвенной речи имеют структуру повествовательного предложения, т.е. прямой порядок слов (подлежащее, за ним сказуемое)

Знак вопроса в конце такого предложения отсутствует, вспомогательный глагол to do в Present и Past Indefinite не употребляется.

She asked me, «When did you see me?» – Она меня спросила: «Когда ты меня видела?»
She asked me when I had seen her . – Она меня спросила, когда я её видела.

He asked me, «Who showed you my notes?» – Он меня спросил: «Кто показал тебе мои записи?»
He asked me who had shown me his notes. – Он меня спросил о том, кто показал мне его записи.

Тут мы видим вопрос к подлежащему, и здесь вообще нет вспомогательного глагола.

Общие вопросы заменяются придаточным предложением, которое присоединяется к главному при помощи союзов if и whether , имеющих значение частицы ли. Запятая не ставится.

She asked me, «Do you know my husband?» – Она меня спросила: «Ты знаешь моего мужа?»
She asked if (whether) I knew her husband. – Она меня спросила, знаю ли я её мужа.

Повелительное наклонение

И последний случай, с которым Вы можете столкнуться в этой теме – это преобразование повелительного наклонения . В косвенной речи повелительное наклонение заменяется инфинитивом.

He said to me, «Open the window». – Он мне сказал: «Открой окно».
He asked me to open the window. – Он попросил открыть окно.

Если прямая речь выражает приказ , тогда мы заменяем глагол to say (сказать) на to tell (велеть, сказать) или to order (приказывать) . Если прямая речь выражает просьбу, тогда глагол to say мы заменяем на to ask (просить)

She said to me , «Give me a pen». – Она сказала: «Дай мне ручку».
She told me to give her a pen. – Она мне сказала дать ей ручку.

Что касается отрицательной формы, в косвенной речи в повелительном наклонении отрицание заменяется инфинитивом с частицей not .

James said to her, «Don"t go». – Джеймс ей сказал: «Не уходи».
James asked her not to go . – Джеймс попросил её не уходить.

ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ПРИ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИИ КОСВЕННОЙ РЕЧИ

Must меняется на had to

Can на could

Shall на should

Will на would

Для лучшего усвоения рассмотрим следующие примеры:

‘We must go to school to class.’ - They said they had to go school to class.

‘I can’t paint picture.’ - She said she couldn’t paint picture.

‘I will see my mother soon.’ - He said he would see his mom soon.

‘I shall buy the bread.’ - She said she should buy the bread.

Слова, употребляемые в прямой речи, могут меняться при использовании косвенной следующим образом:

Ago – previously, before;

Yesterday – the day before;

Today – that day;

That/this – the;

On/next Friday – the following Friday;

Last month – the previous month;

The day after tomorrow – in two days’ time;

This weekend – that weekend;

Here – there;

Tomorrow – the following day / the next day;

Tonight – that night;

Рассмотрим изменение слов на примере предложений

‘I`ll drink milk tomorrow.’ – He said he`d drink milk the next day.

‘I saw Mr. Freeman today.’ - She said she’d seen Mr. Freeman that day.

‘I don`t like this lesson.’ - He said he didn`t like that lesson.

‘I met Andy about two weeks ago.’ - She said she had met Andy about two weeks before.

‘We visited our grandparents last Monday.’ - They said they had visited their grandparents the previous Monday.

Безусловно, нельзя заменять слова подобным образом во всех предложениях. Подобная замена имеет место только там, где она уместна и подходит по смыслу.

Так, например, рассмотрим предложение: She said, ‘I like to live here.’ Предположим, что она говорит о Лондоне. В косвенной речи ее слова можно передать по-разному:

She said she liked to live there – она говорит, что ей нравится жить там. (Соответственно предполагается, что вы сами не проживаете в Лондоне)

She said she liked to live here – она говорит, что ей нравится жить здесь. (Получается, что и вы проживаете, или на данный момент находитесь в этом городе)

На одном простом примере становится понятно, что переводя прямую речь в косвенную, просто необходимо обращать внимание на внешние обстоятельства и уже затем делать выводы, уместным ли будет то или иное слово или фраза.

При образовании косвенной речи из прямой, такие глаголы как ought to (должны), would, might, could, should – не изменяются.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ КОСВЕННОЙ РЕЧИ С WH–ВОПРОСАМИ.

Следует сразу отметить что wh–вопросы , это те, которые начинаются со следующих слов: Why, Where, Who, When, What и другие, начинающиеся на буквы wh.

Следует отметить, что большое количество вопросов в косвенной речи, начинается после основного глагола, который употребляется в прошедшем времени (Past Tense). Что же касается самого вопроса, то время в нем изменяется согласно вышеуказанным правилам образования времен.

Порядок расстановки слов в вопросах, которые относятся к косвенной речи, меняется:

‘What`s the time?’ - She asked what time it was. – правильносформулированноепредложение.

Неправильнобудеттак: She asked what was the time.

«How’s your grandmother? » - He asked me how my mother was. - правильнаярасстановкаслов.

Неправильныйвариант: He asked me how was my mother.

Глагол «to ask» (спросить), применяется в косвенной речи как с объектом, так и без него:

He asked me how my mom was.

He asked how my mom was.

Приведем еще несколько примеров для закрепления этого материала:

‘How did you get to home?’ - He asked how I had got to home.

‘Where do you live?’ - The friend wanted to know where I lived.

‘Why are you so early?’ - The doctor demanded to know why I was so early.

IF И WHETHER ПРИ КОСВЕННОЙ РЕЧИ

If и whether в косвенной речи употребляются только с общими вопросами (не с wh–вопросами), на которые могут быть только два ответа: нет или да.

При построении общих вопросов, используются все вышеуказанные правила, касающиеся согласования времен.

Whether, как и If, в английском языке обозначает частицу «ли».

Стоит отметить, что порядок слов в общих вопросах косвенной речи меняется, например:

‘Are you tired?’ - She asked if I was tired. (Она спросила, была ли я уставшая).

‘Did you read the book?’ - He asked whether I had read the book.(Онспросилменя, читаллияэтукнигу).

‘Have you finished your job?’ - He asked if I had finished my job. (Он спросил, закончила ли я свою работу).

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ КОМАНД (ПРИКАЗОВ) В КОСВЕННОЙ РЕЧИ

При приказе (команде) в косвенной речи употребляется сначала основной глагол, затем объект и инфинитив:

‘Stop!’ - She told the student to stop.

‘Break!’ - He told the boxer to break.

Что же касается отрицательной формы, то порядок слов тот же, за исключением того что перед инфинитивом ставится частичка «not». Например:

‘Don`t sleep here!’ - The teacher ordered the student not to sleep there.

‘Don`t go!’ - She told him not to go.

Tell, warn, instruct, order, command– основные глаголы, которые чаще всего встречаются в приказах косвенной речи.

УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ ПРОСЬБЫ (ЗАПРОСА) В КОСВЕННОЙ РЕЧИ.

Предложения. в которых мы употребляем запрос, несут в себе обращение к человеку с просьбой о чем-либо.

Would и could – слова, с которых начинаются запросы в прямой речи.

To ask (просить, спрашивать) – основной глагол, с которого, как правило, начинается запрос в косвенной речи.

‘Would you close the window, please?’ - He asked me to close the window. .

‘Could you pour me water, please?’ – He asked me to pour him water.

Но! Следует обратить внимание на то, что ни в коем случае нельзя путать просьбу с приказом, иначе вас могут неправильно понять.

Например:

He told me to give him the book – онвелелмнеотдатьемукнигу;

He asked me to give him the book – онпопросилменядатьемукнигу.

Помимо того, что необходимо различать приказ от просьбы, еще необходимо различать предложение от просьбы.

Так, например, предложение будет звучать следующим образом:

‘Would you like a cake? » – He asked if I would like a cake. («Хочешь пирог?» - он спросил, хочу ли я пирога).

Просьба же будет звучать чуть иначе:

«Would you pass me a cake?» – He asked me to pass him a cake.(«Можете передать мне пирог?» - он попросил меня передать ему пирог).

Найдите одно предложение с косвенной речью, в котором нет ошибок. Исправьтеошибкивостальныхпредложениях.

1. Mike told the policeman that he lost his identity card.

2. Jane said to Dick that Julia doesn’t live next to her.

3. She told the detective that she sees the thief in the house.

4. He said that he ate nothing since morning.

5. My girlfriend told me that she felt very bad, and she had a headache.

6. Tom’s boss said to him that he hasn’t done the work properly.

7. Anna said that she doesn’t want to wear her old dress.

8. Her brother told her that they will have plenty of time to do their work

Упражнения на отработку и закрепление косвенной речи в английском языке

Перепишите предложения в косвенной речи. Обратите внимание, какие предложения являются утвердительными, вопросительными или повелительными, всегда ли надо изменять время глагола в придаточном предложении.

1. He said, "I like this song." He said __________.

2. "Where is your sister?" she asked me. She asked me __________.

3. "I don"t speak Italian," she said. She said __________.

4. "Say hello to Jim," they said. They asked me __________.

5. "The film began at seven o"clock," he said. He said __________.

6. "Don"t play on the grass, boys," she said. She told the boys __________.

7. "Where have you spent your money?" she asked him. She asked him __________.

8. "I never make mistakes," he said. He said __________.

9. "Does she know Robert?" he wanted to know. He wanted to know __________.

10. "Don"t try this at home," the stuntman told the audience. The stuntman advised the audience __________.

11. "I was very tired," she said. She said __________.

12. "Be careful, Ben," she said. She told Ben __________.

13. "I will get myself a drink," she says. She says __________.

14. "Why haven"t you phoned me?" he asked me. He wondered __________.

15. "I cannot drive them home," he said. He said __________.

16. "Peter, do you prefer tea or coffee?" she says. She asks Peter __________.

17. "Where did you spend your holidays last year?" she asked me. She asked me __________.

18. He said, "Don"t go too far." He advised her __________.

19. "Have you been shopping?" he asked us. He wanted to know __________.

20. "Don"t make so much noise," he says. He asks us ___________ .

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление времен в русском и английском языках

1. We did not know where our friends went every evening. 2. We did not know where our friends had gone. 3. She said that her best friend was a doctor. 4. She said that her best friend had been a doctor. 5. I didn’t know that you worked at the Hermitage. 6. I didn’t know that you had worked at the Hermitage. 7. I knew that you were ill. 8. I knew that you had been ill. 9. We found out that she left home at eight o’clock every morning. 10. We found out that she had left home at eight o’clock that morning. 11. When he learnt that his son always received excellent marks in all the subjects at school, he was very pleased. 12. When he learnt that his son had received an excellent mark at school, he was very pleased.

Перепишите следующие предложения в прошедшем времени. Обратите внимание на зависимость времени придаточного дополнительного предложения от времени главного.

1. My uncle says he has just come back from the Caucasus. 2. He says he has spent a fortnight in the Caucasus. 3. He says it did him a lot of good. 4. He says he feels better now. 5. He says his wife and he spent most of their time on the beach. 6. He says they did a lot of sightseeing.7. He says he has a good camera. 8. He says he took a lot of colour photographs while travelling in-the Caucasus. 9. He says he will come to see us next Sunday. 10. He says he will bring and show us the photographs he took during his stay in the Caucasus.

1. Mike says he is sure Ann and Kate will be excellent guides. 2. He says they have made good progress in English. 3. Oleg says that in a day or two several English students will come to pay a visit to their school and he will probably have to act as an interpreter. 4. Ann says she has just met Boris in the street. 5. She says Boris told her a lot of interesting things about his travels in the south. 6. Nick says he is going to the hotel to see his friends, who have just arrived in St Petersburg from the United States of America. 7. H е says they have not been in their beloved city for a long time. 8. He says they were friends at school. 9. He says he will take them to the theatre on Sunday. 10. They say they will write him a letter when they return home.

Раскройте скобки , выбирая требующееся время глагола.

1. My friend asked me who (is playing, was playing) the piano in the sitting room. 2. He said he (will come, would come) to the station to see me off. 3. I Was sure he (posted, had posted) the letter. 4. I think the weather (will be, would be) fine next week. I hope it (will not change, would not change) for the worse. 5. I knew that he (is, was) a very clever man. 6. I want to know what he (has bought, had bought) for her birthday. 7. I asked my sister to tell me what she (has seen, had seen) at the museum. 8. He said he (is staying, was staying) at the Ritz Hotel. 9. They realized that they (lost, had lost) their way in the dark. 10. He asked me where I (study, studied). 11. I thought that I (shall finish, should finish) my work at that time. 12. He says he (works, worked) at school two years ago. 13. Victor said he (is, was) very busy.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени.

1. I knew they (to wait) for me at the metro station and I decided to hurry. 2. I didn’t know that you already (to wind) up the clock. 3. I was afraid that the little girl (not to be) able to unlock the front door and (to go) upstairs to help her. 4. He says that he (to know) the laws of the country. 5. Sarie understood why Lanny (not to come) the previous evening. 6. She asked me whether I (to remember) the legend about a faithful lion. 7. He understood that the soldiers (to arrest) him. 8. He could not understand why people (not to want) to take water from that well. 9. I suppose they (to send) a dog after the burglar immediately. 10. He said he (to leave) tomorrow morning. 11. She says she already (to find) the book. 12. He stopped and listened: the clock (to strike) five. 13. She said she (can) not tell me the right time, her watch (to be) wrong. 14. I asked my neighbour if he ever (to travel) by air before. 15. The policeman asked George where he (to run) so early. 16. The delegates were told that the guide just (to go) out and (to be) back in ten minutes.

Употребите следующие предложения как придаточные дополнительные, в роли главных используя предложения, данные в скобках. Сдвигайте времена в соответствии с правилом согласования времен.

1. You will fall and break your leg. (I was afraid) 2. My friend has never been to Washington. (I knew) 3. She never drinks milk. (I was told). 4. He is a very talented singer. (We were told) 5. They live a happy life. (We knew) 6. The children are playing in the yard. (She thought) 7. Her friend will come to see her. (She hoped) 8. Father has-repaired his bicycle. (He thought) 9. She knows English very well. (I supposed) 10. Our sportsmen will win the game. (We were sure) 11. He does not know German at all. (I found out) 12. She made no mistakes in her dictation. (She was glad) 13. He works on his English hard. (I knew) 14. She dances better than anybody else. (I was told) 15. My cousin has received a very interesting offer from his firm. (I learnt) 16. She will come to stay with us. (My aunt wrote in her letter) 17. He is painting a new picture. (We heard) 18. His new picture will be a masterpiece. (We were sure)

1. Я знала, что Аня работает на заводе, что у нее есть муж и двое детей, что семья у нее очень дружная и она счастлива. 2. Он сказал мне вчера, что раньше он учился в университете. 3. Мы решили на прошлой неделе, что будущим летом мы все поедем в Крым. 4. Сестра сказала, что хочет приехать к нам сама.5. Я знала, что она очень занята. 6. Никто не знал, что вы ждете здесь. Пойдемте в дом. 7. Гид предупредил нас, что в той части города движение довольно сильное. 8. Секретарь не заметил, что директор с кем-то разговаривает.9. Все мы знали, что их семья опять в Санкт-Петербурге. 10. Лена сказала, что она дарит нам ту картину. 11. Она сказала, что ее коллеги всегда дают ей прекрасные советы. 12. Он сказал, что любит ту пьесу. 13. В прошлом году они думали, что никогда не будут хорошо читать по-английски, но вчера они увидели, что читают тексты довольно хорошо. 14. Он сказал мне вчера, что его отец - профессор и живет в Москве

Переведите на английский язык, соблюдая правило согласования времен.

1. Я боялся, что заблужусь в лесу. 2. Она знала, что мы никогда не видели ее картины. 3. Ученый был уверен, что найдет решение проблемы. 4.Язнал, что ты приехал в Санкт-Петербург, и полагал, что ты навестишь меня. 5. Мы не думали, что он так рассердится. 6. Мы вчера узнали, что она больна. 7.Он думал, что она не придет в школу. 8. Я знал, что моя сестра изучает французский язык, и думал, что она поедет в Париж. 9. Мне сказали, что ты мне звонил. 10. Я думал, что ты в Москве. 11. Я не знал, что ты уже вернулся в Санкт-Петербург. 12. Мы надеялись, что поедем в Лондон. 13. Учитель сказал, что наши друзья из Лондона прислали письмо. 14.Она сказала, что ее подруга пригласила ее в театр. 15. Мы боялись, что не купим билет в театр. 16. Мы увидели, что дети играют в песке. 17. Она сказала, что больше не будет купаться, потому что вода холодная. 18. Моя двоюродная сестра сказала, что любит оперу и будет рада пойти с нами в театр, хотя уже дважды слушала «Травиату».

Переведите на английский язык, соблюдая правило согласования времен.

1. Все были уверены, что Борис хорошо сдаст экзамены. 2. Он говорил, что Лев Толстой - его любимый писатель. 3. Я знал, что вы живете в Москве, но не знал вашего адреса. 4. Он сказал, что бросит курить. 5. Все знали, что она поедет в Рим. 6. Простите, мы не думали, что вы ждете нас. 7. Я не знал, что вы тоже любите футбол. 8. Я был уверен, что он будет выдающимся артистом. 9. Я боялся, что вы не последуете моему совету. 10. Я не знал, что ты будешь работать в читальном зале. 11. Я думал, что он подождет меня. 12. Он боялся, что ему будет трудно сделать доклад.13. Андрей сказал нам, что, когда он вошел в комнату, его друг уже сидел на диване. Он читал газету. 14. Мы надеялись, что она скоро придет. 15. Он сказал, что не знает, когда начнется конференция. 16. Я был уверен, что, если мы поспешим, мы не опоздаем на поезд. 17. Он спросил меня, что я буду делать вечером. Я ответил, что не знаю, буду ли я свободен вечером, но сказал, что, если буду свободен, то позвоню ему часов в восемь.

1. “Explain to me how to solve this problem,” my friend said to me. 2. The doctor said to Nick, “Open your mouth and show me your tongue.” 3. “Don’t be afraid of my dog,” said the man to Kate. 4. “Take this book and read it,” said the librarian to the boy. 5. The doctor said to Pete, “Don’t go for a walk today.” 6. “Don’t eat too much ice cream,” Nick’s mother said to him. 7. “Go home,” the teacher said to us. 8. “Buy some meat in the shop,” my mother said to me. 9. “Sit down at the table and do your homework,” my mother said to me. 10. “Don’t forget to clean your teeth,” said granny to Helen. 11. “Don ’t sit up late ,” said the doctor to Mary .

Передайте следующие повелительные предложения в косвенной речи.

The teacher said to me, “Hand this note to your parents, please.” 2 . Oleg said to his sister, “Put the letter in an envelope and give it to Kate.” 3 . “Please help me with this work, Henry,” said Robert . 4. “Please bring me some fish soup,” he said to the waitress. 5 . “Don’t worry over such a small thing,” she said to me. 6 . “Please don’t mention it to anybody,” Mary said to her friend. 7 . “Promise to come and see me,” said Jane to Alice. 8. He said to us, “Come here tomorrow.” 9 . I said to Mike, “Send me a telegram as soon as you arrive.” 10. Father said to me, “Don’t stay there long.” 11 . Peter said to them, “Don’t leave the room until I come back.” 12. “Take my luggage to Room 145,” he said to the porter. 13 . He said to me, “Ring me up tomorrow.” 14 . “Bring me a cup of black coffee,” she said to the waiter. 15 . “Don’t be late for dinner,” mother said to us. 16 . Jane said to us, “Please tell me all you know about it.” 17. She said to Nick, “Please don’t say anything about it to your sister.

1.Oleg said, “My room is on the second floor.” 2. He said, “I am sure she will ring me up when she is back in St Petersburg.” 3. Misha said, “I saw them at my parents’ house last year.” 4. He said, “I haven’t seen my cousin today.” 5. “I don’t go to this shop very often,” she said. 6. Tom said, “I have already had breakfast, so I am not hungry.” 7. He said, “I have just received a letter from my uncle.” 8. “I am going to the theatre tonight,” he said to me. 9. Mike said, “I spoke to Mr Brown this morning.” 10. He said to her, “I shall do it today if I have time.” 11. I said to them, “I can give you my uncle’s address.”

Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.

The woman said to her son, “I am glad I am here.” 2. Mike said, “We have bought these books today.” 3. She said to me, “Now I can read your translation.” 4. “This man spoke to me on the road,” said the woman. 5. “I can’t explain this rule to you,” my classmate said to me. 6. The teacher said to the class, “We shall discuss this subject tomorrow.” 7. Our teacher said, “Thackeray’s novels are very interesting.” 8. She said, “You will read this book in the 9th form.”9. Nellie said, “I read ‘Jane Eyre’ last year.” 10. “My friend lives in Moscow,” said Alec. 11. “You have not done your work well,” the teacher said to me. 12. The poor man said to the rich man, “My horse is wild. It can kill your horse.” 13. The rich man said to the judge, “This man’s horse has killed my horse.”

Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.

Masha said, “I usually spend my holidays in іthe south.”2. She said, “I spent my holidays in the Crimea last year.” 3. Boris said, “I go to the south every year.”4. Не said, “I am going to a ski resort tomorrow.” 5. Ann said to us, “They haven’t come yet.” 6. She said to us, “They arrived in St Petersburg yesterday.” 7. I said, “I have been in London for a fortnight’s holiday. My friends in London sometimes invite me to spend my leisure time with them.” 8. Nick said, “I have never been to London. I think I shall go there next year.” 9. He said, “I shall not stay with my friends too long.” 10. He said to me, “They are staying at the Grand Hotel Europe.” 11. He said, “They are leaving next Monday.” 12. The clerk said to them, “You can leave the key with the maid upstairs.”

Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.

The mother said, “The children are in the nursery, doctor.” 2. “I have no time for lunch today,” said the boy to his mother. 3. “You speak English very well,” the woman said to me. 4. My brother said to me, “I am going to become a doctor.” 5. My uncle said to us, “I buy several newspapers every day.” 6. The teacher said to the pupils, “Next year we shall have six hours of English a week.” 7. He said to me, “I want to see you today.” 8. She said, “I am free tonight”. 9. Mother said to me, “I feel bad today.”10. The pupil said to the teacher, “I can do my homework after dinner.” 11. The teacher said to Jack, “You work hard, I know. You are a good boy.” 12. The old man said to the girl, “You can sing perfectly. I think you will be a famous singer.” 13. My sister said to me, “You look very well, much better than you looked yesterday. I think you have recovered after your illness.” 14. “You are an excellent cook. Everything is so tasty,” my guest said to met 15. The student said, “I can’t answer this question. I don’t understand it.”

Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи. Употребляйте любое существительное или местоимение в роли подлежащего главного предложения.

I shall come as soon as I am ready. 2. You will know that I have gone to the concert if I am not at home by eight. 3. I’ll come to the Philharmonic with you if you get tickets. 4. Five years ago there were no people living here at all. 5. I shall go skiing on Sunday if I have time. 6. They finished building this house only last week. 7. It will be so pleasant when Tom comes home. 8. I shall do it now if you like. 9. My brother was here early today. 10. It’s a pity you didn’t come earlier. 11. There will be an interesting lecture at our school tomorrow. One of our teachers will speak about Charles Dickens. 12. Last year I spent my summer vacation in the Caucasus. 13. I came to live in this town several years ago. 14. I’ll be reading you a story until it is time to go to bed. 15. I have read all about it in today’s newspaper. 16. It’s not funny if there is no money, sonny.

Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.

“When your turn comes, listen very carefully to what the doctor tells you,” I said to my grandmother. 2. “If you are in a hurry, we shall only do the first experiment,” the laboratory assistant said to me. 3. “I shan’t start anything new until I have finished this novel,” said the writer to the correspondent. 4. “When I get a job, I’ll buy you a warm coat,” said the boy’s father. 5. “If you spill the milk, there won’t be any for the cat,” my mother said to me. 6. “When you come to see me on Sunday, I shall show you my new dress,” she said to me. 7. “If Mary arrives before seven, bring her to our house for the evening,” said Jane to Henry. 8. “Don’t wait until I come. As soon as you finish the exercises, begin playing volleyball,” said the PT teacher to the pupils. 9. “As soon as Robert appears, ask him where he put the dictionary,” said Mary to her mother.

Tom said he would go to see the doctor the next day. 2. He told me he was ill. 3. He told me he had fallen ill. 4. They told me that Tom had not come to school the day before. 5. I told my sister that she might catch a cold. 6. She told me she had caught a cold. 7. He said that while crossing the English Channel they had stayed on deck all the time. 8. The woman said she had felt sick while crossing the Channel. 9. She said she was feeling bad that day.10. The old man told the doctor that he had pain in his right side. 11. He said he had just been examined by a good doctor. 12. He said he would not come to school until Monday. 13. The man said he had spent a month at a seaside resort. 14. He said that his health had greatly improved since then.

Передайте следующие специальные вопросы в косвенной речи.

I said to Nick, “Where are you going?” 2. I said to him, “How long are you going to stay there?” 3. I said to him, “How long will it take you to get there?” 4. He said to her, “Where do you usually spend your summer holidays?” 5. Ann said to Mike, “When did you leave London?” 6. She said to Boris, “When will you be back home?” 7. Boris said to them, “How can I get to the railway station?” 8. Mary asked Tom, “What time will you come here tomorrow?” 9. She asked me, “Why didn’t you come here yesterday?” 10. She asked me, “What will you do tomorrow if you are not busy at your office?” 11. Pete said to his friends, “When are you leaving St Petersburg?” 12. He said to them, “Who will you see before you leave the city?” 13. They said to him, “What time does the train leave?” 14. I asked Mike, “What will you do after dinner?” 15. I asked my uncle, “How long did you stay in the Crimea?” 16. Mother said to me, “Who has brought this parcel?” 17. Ada said to me, “Where did you see such trees?” 18. I said to Becky , “What kind of book has your friend brought you ?”

Передайте следующие специальные вопросы в косвенной речи, начиная каждое предложение со слов, данных в скобках.

Where is he going? (He didn’t tell anybody…) 2. Where has he gone? (Did you know…) 3. Where is he? (Did you know…) 4. When is he leaving school? (I wanted to know…) 5. Where does he live? (Nobody knew…) 6. When will he come back? (She asked them…) 7. Where did she buy this hat? (He wanted to know…) 8. How much did she pay for it? (I had no idea…) 9. Where did I put the book? (I forgot…) 10. Who has given you this nice kitten? (She wanted to know…) 11. Where can I buy an English-Russian dictionary? (He asked me…) 12. How long will it take your brother to get to Madrid? (He wondered…)

Передайте следующие общие вопросы в косвенной речи.

I said to Boris, “Does your friend live in London?” 2. They said to the mam, “Are you living in a hotel?” 3. He said to his friend, “Will you stay at the Hilton?” 4. He said to me, “Do you often go to see your friends?” 5. He said to me, “Will you see your friends before you leave St Petersburg?” 6. Mike said to Jane, “Will you come to the railway station to see me off?” 7. She said to me, “Have you sent them an e-mail?” 8. She said to me, “Did you send them an e-mail yesterday?” 9. I said to Mike, “Have you packed your suitcase?” 10. I said to Kate, “Did anybody meet you at the station?” 11. I said to her, “Can you give me their address?” 12. I asked Tom, “Have you had breakfast?” 13. I asked my sister, “Will you stay at home or go for a walk after dinner?” 14. I said to my mother, “Did anybody come to see me?” 15. I asked my sister, “Will Nick call for you on the way to school?” 16. She said to the young man, “Can you call a taxi for me?” 17. Mary said to Peter, “Have you shown your photo to Dick?” 18. Oleg said to me, “Will you come here tomorrow?” 19. He said to us, “Did you go to the museum this morning?”

Передайте следующие общие вопросы в косвенной речи, начиная каждое предложение со слов, данных в скобках.

Have they sold the picture? (I did not know…) 2. Do they know anything about it? (I wondered…) 3. Has Jack given you his telephone number? (She asked me…) 4. Is he coming back today? (I was not sure…) 5. Have you found the book? (She asked me…) 6. Are there any more books here? (The man asked…) 7. Did she go shopping yesterday (I wanted to know…) 8. Has she bought the dictionary? (He did not ask her…) 9. Does she know the name of the man? (I doubted…) 10. Did Boris see the man this morning? (I asked…)

Передайте следующие вопросительные предложения в косвенной речи.

Kate said, “Mike, do you like my dress?” 2. Grandfather said to Mary, “What mark did you get at school?” 3. My sister said to me, “Will you take me to the theatre with you tomorrow?” 4. Mother asked me, “Did you play with your friends yesterday?” 5. “Why don’t you play with your friends, Kate?” said her mother. 6. “Do you like chocolates?” my little sister said to me. 7. “Did you see your granny yesterday, Lena?” asked Mr Brown. 8. The doctor asked Nick, “Do you wash your face and hands every morning?” 9. The teacher said to Mike, “Does your father work at a factory?” 10. Mother said to us, “What are you doing here?” 11. Father said to Nick, “Have you done your homework?” 12. Tom said , “Ann , where are your friends ?”

Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предложениях.

I asked if they had taken the sick man to hospital. 2. I asked my friend if he had a headache. 3. I wanted to know when he had fallen ill. 4. I wondered if he had taken his temperature. 5. I asked him if the doctor had given him some medicine. I asked him if he was feeling better now. 6. I asked the man how long he had been in St Petersburg. 7. I asked him if he was going to a ski resort in Colorado. 8. We asked the girl if her father was still in Moscow. 9. I asked the girl what sort of work her father did.

“Do you like my pies, Ann?” asked her grandmother. 2. “Stop shouting and do your homework,” Tom’s mother said to him. 3. “What did you do at school yesterday, John?” said his father. 4. “Will you play the piano today, Helen?” asked her aunt. 5. My uncle said, “We shall visit you next week.” 6. “Don’t cross the street when the lights are red,” said the man to Nick. 7. “I borrowed a very good book from our library yesterday,” said Mike to his father. 8. “Come to my house tomorrow, Jane,” said Lena. 9. “Where are your books, Betsy?” said her mother.

Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

“Lock the door when you leave the house,” my elder sister said to me. 2. “Have you received a telegram from your wife?” she asked Robert. 3. Mabel said, “Nothing will change my decision and I shall leave for Cape Town tonight.” 4. “Please don’t smoke in the room,” said the old woman to her nephew. 5. “I am shivering with cold,” said the girl.6.“I want to sit in the armchair,” said the boy. 7. The secretary said to me, “The delegation arrived in St Petersburg yesterday.” 8. “Open the window, please,” she said to me. 9. He said, “I shall light a fire and make myself breakfast.” 10. “Don’t run to the door when you hear the bell,” said the woman to her little daughter. 11. She asked me, “How long are you going to stay here?” 12. Mary asked me, “Will you spend your holidays in Moscow?”

Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

Father said to Jane, “Show me your exercise book.” 2. “What game are you playing here, boys?” said Kate’s aunt. 3. “Don’t make noise,” Tom’s mother said to him. 4. Helen said to Pete, “Did you play chess with your father yesterday?” 5. Kate said to her grandmother, “Help me (to) cook the soup, please.” 6. Mike said to the teacher, “My sister knows two foreign languages.” 7. Tom said to his sister, “I saw your friend at the library yesterday.” 8.“What have you prepared for today, children?” said the teacher. 9. The teacher said to the pupils, “Don’t open your books.” 10. Mother said to me, “You will go to the cinema tomorrow.”

Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

“Tom, go to bed,” said his mother. 2. “I have never seen your toys,” said Nellie to Pete. 3. “Give me your French book, Nick,” said the teacher. 4. Ann said to Lena, “Look at my nice kitten.” 5. “We shall go to the zoo tomorrow,” said our grandmother. 6. Mother said to Pete, “Don’t forget to wash your hands.” 7. Nick said to his mother, “I am doing my homework.” 8. “I have learnt a long poem,” said Mike to the teacher. 9. “Don’t play in the street,” said the man to the boys. 10. “Why don’t you drink your tea?” my mother said to me. 11. “I saw my friend at the stadium yesterday,” said Johnny to his mother. 12. “When did you receive this letter?” my friend said to me. 13. “Will you play football with us?” said the boys to

Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. “Why are you shouting, man?” said Prince John to Locksley. “What is your name?” 2. “Who has read ‘Ivanhoe’?” asked the teacher. “Whom was it written by?” 3. One of the pupils asked the teacher of literature, “What novels shall we read next year?” 4. “Is the river Volga in Russia?” asked the Frenchman. 5. “Are you playing volleyball, girls?” said Ann. “I did not know that you liked it.” 6. “Don’t touch these photographs,” said Peter to us. “They are still wet, and you may spoil them.” 7. “Does your friend often come here, boys?” said Fred. “I want to speak to him.” 8. “How did you manage to solve this difficult problem in such a short time?” my friend said to me. 9. The teacher said to us, “You will write a paper tomorrow.” 10. “I saw a new film yesterday,” said Kate to Nick. “Did you like it?” - asked Nick.

Рецензенты:

канд. филол. наук, доцент ОмА МВД России В.Г. Болотюк, ст. препод. каф. английского языка О.В. Гоголь

К710 Косвенная речь в английском языке: сб. трениро-

вочных упражнений по практической грамматике: для студентов I курса факультета иностранных языков / сост.: Д.Ю. Малетина, О.А. Никитина, Р.Р. Фазмутдинова.

– Омск: Изд-во ОмГУ, 2005. – 60 с.

ISBN 5-7779-0589-7

Сборник грамматических тренировочных заданий составлен на основе аутентичных источников, включающих материал английских и американских учебников, подготовлен с учетом требований учебной программы по курсу «Практическая грамматика английского языка».

Цель издания – помочь изучающим английский язык ознакомиться с грамматическим явлением «Косвенная речь» и отработать его на практике.

Сборник предназначен для студентов I курса факультета иностранных языков и может быть использован в группах с разным уровнем подготовленности.

ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ

Предлагаемое учебное издание представляет собой сборник грамматических тренировочных упражнений.

Сборник упражнений составлен в соответствии с учебной программой по курсу «Практическая грамматика английского языка» и прежде всего предназначен для студентов I курса факультета иностранных языков, однако также может быть рекомендован студентам других факультетов, изучающим английский язык как основную специальность.

Сборник состоит из двух разделов:

1. Теоретическая часть (базовые правила по теме «Косвенная речь»).

2. Практическая часть (упражнения, направленные на отработку, закрепление и употребление в речи грамматических структур по данной теме).

Большая часть теоретического раздела представлена в таблицах, что способствует лучшему усвоению и запоминанию материала.

Задания из второй части сборника включают в себя проверочные и тренировочные упражнения, выстроенные по принципу нарастания сложности:

– подстановочные упражнения,

– трансформационные упражнения,

– упражнения на исправление ошибок,

– упражнения на грамотное завершение предложений,

– упражнения на правильное соединение начала и конца предложений,

– упражнения на перевод с русского языка на английский, а также с английского на русский,

– пересказ диалогов из оригинальных текстов в косвенной

Разнообразие упражнений позволяет использовать пособие

в группах разного уровня подготовленности, а также осуществлять разные формы работы со студентами.

При работе с упражнениями по теме «Косвенная речь» возможна отработка и некоторых других грамматических явлений, тесно связанных с использованием прямой речи.

Данный сборник тренировочных упражнений можно использовать в качестве дополнительного пособия в сочетании с другими, основными учебниками по грамматике английского языка.

PART I. RULES OF REPORTING

1. REPORTING STATEMENTS

When the statement in direct speech is converted into reported speech the following rules must be observed:

♦ If the verb to say introducing the indirect statement is followed by an object, use the preposition to (to say to smb.), though the expression to tell smb . is more preferable in this case.


Tom said, “I"m awfully tired.”	Tom said that he was awfully tired.
Tom said to Bob, “I"m awfully	Tom said to Bob that he was awfully

	Or: Tom told Bob that he was aw-

To say is usually used without an object to introduce the subordinate clause while to tell is followed by a direct object. Compare:

¾ She told me that she would be late.

¾ She said that she would be late.

The verb to tell can be a part of set expressions where a direct object can be omitted: to tell (somebody) a lie; to tell (somebody) a story; to tell fortunes (= to say what will happen to somebody in the future).

♦ No inverted commas are used in the reported statements.

♦ All personal and possessive pronouns are changed according to the person referring to the speaker.

♦ So and such are replaced by very, exceedingly etc. In exclamatory sentences:


She said, “Jane plays the pi-	She said Jane played the piano very

She said, “Jane is such a	She said Jane was an exceedingly
good pianist!”	(very) good pianist.

♦ The rules of the sequence of tenses are observed in the reported statements:


The Present Indefinite	The Past Indefinite
“I like peaches.”	He said he liked peaches.
The Present Continuous	The Past Continuous
“Is it raining?”	He asked if it was raining.
The Past I ndefinite	The Pas t Perfect
“I didn"t recognize you.”	She explained that she hadn"t recognized

The Present Perfect	The Past Perfect
“You"ve annoyed the dog.”	I told her she had annoyed the dog.
The Past Continuous	The Past Continuous or the Past Perfect
“I was joking about the	Continuous : He said he was joking (or:
	he had been joking) about the price.
The Past Perfect	The Past Perfect
“I hadn"t seen her before.”	You said you hadn"t seen her before that

The Future Indefinite	The Future-Indefinite-in-the-Past
“We"ll be late.”	I was afraid we should (would) be late.

♦ If the time or the place of the events described in the direct statement has changed, replace the demonstrative pronouns and the adverbs of time and place in the following way:



	that day, at the time

the day after tomorrow	two days later, in two days" time
	the day before, on the previous day
the day before yesterday

	the next year, the following year
	the previous week/year




	the other/previous night

Note : In the sentences like: I said, “I"ll be here tomorrow.” (Я ска-

зал: «Я буду здесь завтра».) the adverbs here and tomorrow may stay unchanged if the statement is reported on the same day and at the same place: I said I would be here tomorrow. Notice that it is also correct to change the adverbs according to the rule mentioned above: I said I"d be there the following day.

♦ If the statement consists of a few clauses referring to the past, only the verb of the first clause is used in Past Perfect.


John: Tom has done all his	John said that Tom had done all
homework. He did it before go-	his homework. He did it before
ing to the concert.	going to the concert.

2. QUESTIONS IN REPORTED SPEECH

Word order in a reported question is the same as in a statement. ♦ A reported general question is introduced by the conjunc-

tion if or whether (before which there is no comma!):


Robert: Does it often rain in your	Robert asked if it often rained in
part of the country?	their part of the country.
Helen: Have you seen this film	Helen wanted to know if Peter
	had already seen that film.

♦ A reported special question is introduced by the same adverb or pronoun that introduces a direct question:


Tom said to the boys, “Who has	Tom asked the boys who had
tickets for “Hamlet?”	tickets for “Hamlet.”
John: Why are you late, Mary?	John wanted to know why Mary

♦ If a direct question to the subject contains the link verb to be, the direct order of words is not always strictly observed:

¾ Robert said,	Robert asked Bob	what his telephone number

		what was his telephone

In set expressions like “What"s the time?”, “What"s the matter?”, “What"s the news!” inverted word order doesn"t change in reported speech.

♦ Reported questions are generally introduced by the following verbs and word combinations: to question; to inquire (more official than to “ask”); to want to know; I wonder; I"d like to know; Can you tell me and etc.

Short answers in reported speech

Short answers are converted into reported speech by repeating of the auxiliary or modal verb that a direct short answer contains. An auxiliary verb changes according to the rules of the sequence of tenses.


	Frank: Has it stopped raining,	Frank asked Polly if it had
	Frank: Has it stopped raining,	stopped raining and she said it
	yet? Polly: Yes.	stopped raining and she said it
	yet? Polly: Yes.

	Mary: Does John ever come to	Mary asked Bob if John ever
	Mary: Does John ever come to	came to see him and Bob said he
	see you? Bob: Never.	came to see him and Bob said he
	see you? Bob: Never.

	Bob: Are you very tired, Mary?	Bob asked Mary if she was tired
		and Mary answered she wasn"t.

Reporting elliptical sentences

If some parts of the sentence are missing, they should be restored according to the situation in the reported speech.


Mrs. Armstrong: I say, Peter. Do	Mrs. Armstrong told her hus-
	band sensational news. She
know the latest sensation? The	said the Browns were applying

are applying for a divorce.	Mr. Armstrong was very much
Mr. Armstrong: Sounds incredi-	surprised and said it sounded
	incredible, for the Browns had
seemed so attached to each other.	seemed very attached to each

Mrs. Armstrong: Never expected	His wife said she had never
	expected it herself.
Nick: Feeling out of sorts?	Nick asked Michael why he
Michael: Rather.	was feeling out of sorts.
Nick: Private trouble?	Michael said it was because of
Michael: Yes, the children are	the children. They were getting
getting unmanageable.

3. REPORTED ORDERS AND REQUESTS

An order or a request in reported speech is expressed by an infinitive; in a negative sentence the particle to precedes the infinitive.

Orders and requests are introduced into reported speech with the help of one of the following verbs: to tell, to order, to command, to ask, to request, to beg and others. The choice of the verb is determined by the character of the order (request).

♦ The verb most commonly used to introduce reported orders is the verb to tell: the verb to order is frequently used, occasionally also the verb to command. The verb to tell corresponds to the Russian сказать, чтобы and велеть; to order and to command correspond to

приказать.

♦ The verb to request is used in official style, chiefly in the Passive Voice. It is best rendered in Russian by предложить. The verb to request introduces rather a veiled order than a request.

♦ Unemotional requests are usually introduced by the verb to

♦ The verb to beg introduces a request somewhat more emo-

♦ Emotional (emphatic) requests are introduced by the verbs to implore, to entreat, to beseech (умолять).

♦ The verb to urge introduces a request made with great insis-


The doctor said to the patient,	The doctor told the patient to
“Keep the bed for some days.”	keep the bed for some days.
Peter said to Mary, “Would you	Peter asked Mary to ring him up
mind ringing me up at nine?”
The lieutenant said to the soldiers,	The lieutenant ordered (com-
“Get ready for the march.”	manded) his men to get ready for

The teacher said to the pupils,	The teacher told his pupils not to
“Don"t talk.”

He said to me, “Let"s go to the	He invited me to go to the pic-

Betty said to her friend, “Do stay	Betty begged her friend to stay
with us a little longer.”	with them a little longer.
Eliza said to the stranger, “Do	Eliza implored the stranger to
save my child!”
The mother said to her son, “Do	The mother urged her son to
take care of yourself!”	take care of himself.

4. CONVERSATIONAL PATTERNS

IN REPORTED SPEECH

Greetings and Saying Good-by

To report greetings and saying good-by the following phrases are used:


Не greeted them,	He said good-bye to…
They greeted each other	He bade them good-bye...
He welcomed them.	He took his leave.
	He took leave of...
	He wished them good night.

The following phrases used in greetings and saying good-by (It "s good to see you; See you soon; Very good of you to come and etc.) may not be reported at all.


“Hello, Тоm.”		Tom and Jack greeted each other.
“Hello, Jack.”
“Happy to see you at my place,		Betty welcomed Mary saying that
Mary,” Betty said.		she was happy to see her at her

Tom called, “Good night, Mary,”		Tom wished Mary good night as
as he went down the steps.		he went down the steps.

He said, “Good-bye, Helen.”	He said good-bye to Helen.
	He bade Helen good-bye.
	He took leave of Helen.
	He took his leave.

To report someone"s words used to introduce a person to another one the verb “to introduce” is used:


Mary: Mother, this is	Mary introduced Mr. Prinston to

To report someone"s words used in response to someone"s invitation the following phrases are used: he readily accepted the invitation; said he "d come most willingly; said she would be happy to…; declined the invitation and etc.:

Mr. Jackson: Come and have lunch with us on Sunday.

Mr. Black: I"d love to. Thank you very much.

Mrs. Parker: Can you come to dinner tomorrow? Mr. Eden: I"m sorry I can"t. I"m leaving tonight.

Mr. Jackson invited Mr. Black to lunch on Sunday and Mr. Black readily accepted the invitation.

Mrs. Parker invited Mr. Eden to dinner but he declined the invita- tion, as he was leaving that night.

To report expressions of gratitude the following phrases are

¾ Не thanked them for... – Он поблагодарил их за...

¾ Не said he was much obliged to him for... – Он сказал, что был очень обязан ему за…

¾ Не expressed his gratitude to him for... – Он выразил свою благодарность ему за...

¾ Не said he was grateful to him for... – Он сказал, что был очень благодарен ему за..

Words used in response to expressions of gratitude may not be reported at all:


Dick: Thanks for helping me with	Dick thanked Tom for helping
	him with the bike.
Tom: Oh, that"s all right.
Mr. Jackson: Thank you ever so	Mr. Jackson expressed his grati-
much for your timely assistance.	tude to Mr. Brown for his timely
It saved me a lot of trouble.	assistance which had saved him a
Mr. Brown: Oh, not at all. It was a
real pleasure to be of help.	Mr. Brown said it had been a real
	pleasure to be of help.

Apologies and Excuses

To report apologies and responses to them the following phrases are used: Не begged his pardon; He apologized to them for; She asked him to excuse her; He said it was all right:


Dick: Sorry for interrupting you.	Dick begged Mrs. Parker"s par-
Mrs. Parker: That"s all right. We	don for interrupting her and she
were just having a chat.	said it was all right. Dick apolo-
Dick: I"m sorry. I"m late.	gized for being late.
Bob: Excuse my rudeness. I didn"t	Bob asked Mr. Black to forgive
mean to hurt you.	his rudeness but Mr. Black was
Mr. Black: How could you be so	too much hurt to forgive him.
rude! It"s really unforgivable.

Offers and advice are rendered in reported speech with the help of the following verbs: to suggest, to offer, to advise.

The verbs “to suggest” and “to offer” are a little different in meaning, which is reflected in the corresponding sentence structures. “То offer” is used when the speaker is willing to fulfill an action by himself: Не offered to see Mary home. Besides, “to offer” is used when they tell about something material: a cup of tea, a cigarette etc. “To suggest” is used when they tell about some idea, advice.


Nick: Let"s walk home, Mary.	Nick suggested to Mary that
	they should walk home.
Tom: What about going to the	Tom suggested going to the

Mary: You"d better stay at home,
	he should stay at home.


Mary: Have a cup of tea, Bob.	Mary offered Bob a cup of tea.
Tom: I can fix that radio of yours	Tom offered to fix the radio.

The verb “to offer” is always followed by the infinitive, while the verb “to suggest” is used only in the following patterns:

was against it objected to doing it said she didn"t mind said she would not

In response to offers in the reported speech the following

phrases can be used:


¾ He	¾ He	strongly objected to his

		refused point blank.
		said he had better not.
		said he needn"t.

To decline an offer sounds more polite than to turn down and to reject an offer; said he had better not…and said he needn"t… are typical to the spoken language, which is less formal.


Mr. Smith: I can drive you home	Mr. Smith offered to drive Ben
in my car, Ben. Ben: It"s very	home in his car and Ben will-
	ingly accepted the offer (but Ben
Ben: Oh, no, thanks a lot.	refused point blank).

Expressions of Surprise, Joy, Rapture

and Other Emotions in Reported Speech

said with surprise (amazement)...

said in surprise...

He expressed his surprise (amazement) at the news.

was surprised (amazed) to hear...

was surprised (amazed) at hearing…



Peter: Believe me or not! Paul	Peter told Nelly that Paul had won
won the European boxing title.	the European boxing title. Nelly
Nelly: You don"t say so! Who	was surprised to hear it (or: at
would have expected it of such a	hearing that) and said she would
	never have expected it of him.

¾ Не was delighted at their coming.

their having done it.

¾ He was delighted

¾ He expressed his joy (delight) at

to hear the news.

to hear that they...

the news. their coming.

their having done it.

¾ He said joyfully (with joy) that…

expressed his admiration of...


Mrs. Parker: I"m so happy! My	Mrs. Parker told Mrs. Green joy-
daughter has entered the Univer-	fully (with joy) that her daughter
	had entered the University.
Mrs. Green: Such joy! I"m de-	Mrs. Green was delighted to hear
lighted to hear that.	the news (at the news).

Regret, Consolation, Sympathy

being unable to do it. ¾ He regretted having said it.

that he had said it.

¾ He sympathized with…

expressed his sympathy with…


Bob: I"m so sorry I can"t attend		Bob regretted being unable to
		attend the conference.
		Bob regretted that he was un-
		able to attend the conference.
Mike: I"ll have to be operated on.	Mike was nervous about the com-
There"s no getting away from it.	ing operation, and Peter sympa-
I"m awfully nervous about it.	thized with him.
Peter: I"m so sorry for you.

Irritation, Indignation, Offence

was annoyed (irritated) with him, at his words. expressed his annoyance (irritation) with her because of her conduct.

was angry (indignant) with him, at the news. ¾ He said (cried) in anger (in indignation) that…

resented their criticism (interference). said resentfully that…

said in a resentful tone that…

Mr. Sievers: I"ve been waiting for Peter for an hour. How very annoying! I wonder if he will come at all.

The professor: How dare you talk like this to me!

1. Mr. Sievers expressed his annoyance (anger) with Peter for being late.

2. Mr. Sievers was annoyed (angry) with Peter for being late.

3. Mr. Sievers cried in anger (in an angry voice) that Peter had kept him waiting.

1. The professor was angry at the way the students spoke to him and said so.

2. The professor got angry with the students for the way they spoke to him.

3. The professor resented the way the students spoke to him.

¾ Не expressed his grief at the news.

¾ Не was filled with despair at...

¾ He cried in despair that...


Helen: Such a pity Bob is out. I	1. Helen was disappointed at
rather hoped to find him in and	not finding Bob in. She had
talk the matter over.	hoped to talk the matter over

	2. Helen expressed her disap-
	pointment at not finding Bob at

5. MODAL VERBS IN REPORTED SPEECH

When the sentences with modal verbs are converted into reported speech, modal verbs undergo the following changes:

Must , as a rule, remains unchanged in reported speech if it expresses advice (order) or a supposition bordering on assurance (должно быть).

Must is generally replaced by had to if it expresses necessity arising out of circumstances.


She said to him, “You must be	She told him he must be more
more careful.” (advice)
She said, “You must be very	She said he must be very fond of
fond of music if you go to con-	music if he went to concerts so
certs so often.” (supposition)
She said, “I must get up early	She said she had to get up early
every morning.”

When sentences containing the Subjunctive Mood are converted into reported speech, the form of the verb usually remains unchanged.

♦ However, there is a case when the rule of the sequence of tenses is observed: if we have the analytical subjunctive with the mood auxiliary may , may is changed into might if the verb in the principal clause stands in a past tense.


“I would be discharged if I were		She said that she would be dis-
		charged if she were seen talking
seen speaking to you.”

	“It is true I drink, but I wouldn"t			He admitted that he drank, but
				said he wouldn "t have taken to

	have taken to that if things had
				that if things had gone differ-
	gone differently.”


	“I think cheerfulness is a fortune			She thought cheerfulness was a
				fortune in itself. She wished she
	in itself. I wish I had it.”
				had it.

	“Oh, how I wish I had never			She said she wished she had
	seen him!”			never seen him.
	“I suggest that we should have a			She suggested that they should
				have a rest.
	“I insist that you go there imme-			He insisted that we go there

	“The boys will think none the			He said that the boys would
	worse of you whatever you may			think none the worse of him
	have done .”			whatever he might have done .

7. VERBS USED TO CONVERT STATEMENTS

INTO REPORTED SPEECH (Except “say”, “tell”, “ask” )

♦ To announce (объявлять, заявлять, и звещать) is used when something is spoken in public, especially for the first time:

He announced that the conference would be postponed.

♦ То declare (объ являть, заявлять, провозглашать) is more formal than to announce . The statement with this verb sounds more solemn:

The strikers declared they would not give in.

♦ То inform (сообщать, информировать) reports statements, especially news:

Не informed us that the time-table had been changed.

♦ То remark (отмечать, замечать, высказываться) is used to report remarks:

Не remarked that he did not like jazz music.

♦ То state (заявлять, сообщать, из лагать, формулировать)

Пример: She said to me, “Open the window!” – She told me to open the window.

My mother said to me, “Put on your coat!”
My friend said to us, “Don’t come today.”
He said to Mary, “Don’t forget to send me an e-mail.”
Karrie said to me, “Call me tomorrow.”
She said to me, “Don’t shout at me!”

Задание 2. Заполните пропуски словами say и tell в нужной форме.

I…………her that she was my only friend.
Did he…………he would stay in New York?
She…………that she was going to invite me.
They didn’t…………us they were ill.
She…………she didn’t play the piano.

Задание 3. Переведите вопросительные предложения из прямой речи в косвенную.

Пример: He asked me, “Do you know my sister?” – He asked me if I knew his sister.

She asked John, “When are you going to come?”
He asked her, “Who is your favourite actor?”
A man asked me, “Do you have a car?”
My father asked me, “Where were you yesterday?”
Helen asked him, “Will you be at home?”

Задание 4. Переведите из прямой речи в косвенную предложения с модальными глаголами.

He said, “I can drive a car.”
She said to me, “You ought to call her.”
She said, “He must stay here.”
They said to me, “You should drive more carefully.”

Задание 5. Заполните пропуски.

”He came yesterday.” She said that he had come……………
“My parents will arrive today.” He said that his parents would arrive……………
“I will contact you tomorrow.” He said he would contact me………………
“I was there the day before yesterday.” She said she was there………………

Ответы с пояснениями

Задание 1.

My mother told me to put on my coat.
Если прямая речь выражает приказание, то глагол to say меняется на глагол to tell . Повелительное наклонение заменяется в косвенной речи инфинитивом (глагол с частицей to ).
My friend told us not to come that day.
Если прямая речь выражает приказание, то глагол to say меняется на глагол to tell . Отрицательная форма повелительного наклонения заменяется инфинитивом с частицей not . Today меняется на that day .
He told Mary not to forget to send him an e-mail.
Если прямая речь выражает приказание, то глагол to say меняется на глагол to tell . Отрицательная форма повелительного наклонения заменяется инфинитивом с частицей not .
Karrie told me to call her the next day.
Если прямая речь выражает приказание, то глагол to say меняется на глагол to tell . Повелительное наклонение заменяется в косвенной речи инфинитивом (глагол с частицей to ). Tomorrow меняется на the next day .
She told me not to shout at her.
Если прямая речь выражает приказание, то глагол to say меняется на глагол to tell . Отрицательная форма повелительного наклонения заменяется инфинитивом с частицей not .

Задание 2.

После глагола to tell всегда следует косвенное дополнение, обозначающее лицо, к которому обращена просьба или приказание – told her .

Косвенного дополнения, обозначающего лицо, к которому обращена просьба или приказание, нет. Поэтому употребление глагола to tell исключено.

После глагола to tell всегда следует косвенное дополнение, обозначающее лицо, к которому обращена просьба или приказание – tell us .

Задание 3.

She asked John when he was going to come.
Present Simple меняется на Past Simple (are going –> was going). Вопросительный порядок слов заменяется порядком слов повествовательного предложения.
He asked her who was her favourite actor.
Present Simple меняется на Past Simple (is –> was). В этом предложении “Who is your favourite actor?” вопросительного порядка слов нет изначально, так как это вопрос к подлежащему. В косвенной речи также сохраняется порядок слов повествовательного предложения.
A man asked me if I had a car.
Present Simple меняется на Past Simple (have –> had). Общие вопросы переводятся в косвенную речь при помощи союзов if/whether . Вопросительный порядок слов заменяется порядком слов повествовательного предложения.
My father asked me where I had been the day before.
Past Simple меняется на Past Perfect (were –> had been). Вопросительный порядок слов заменяется порядком слов повествовательного предложения. Yesterday меняется на the day before .
Helen asked him if he would be at home.
Future Simple меняется на Future in the Past (will be –> would be). Общие вопросы переводятся в косвенную речь при помощи союзов if/whether . Вопросительный порядок слов заменяется порядком слов повествовательного предложения.

Задание 4.

He said that he could drive a car.
В косвенной речи can меняется на could .
She told me that I ought to call her.
Если после to say имеется дополнение, обозначающее лицо, к которому обращаются с речью (to me), то say заменяется tell . Глагол ought в косвенной речи не изменяется .